Transmission of protein hypersensitiveness from mother to offspring. I, Critique of placental permeability / by Bret Ratner, Holmes C. Jackson, and Helen Lee Gruehl from the Department of Physiology, University and Bellevue Hospital Medical College, New York University, New York City.

  • Ratner, Bret, 1893-1957
Date:
[1927?]
Catalogue details

Licence: In copyright

Credit: Transmission of protein hypersensitiveness from mother to offspring. I, Critique of placental permeability / by Bret Ratner, Holmes C. Jackson, and Helen Lee Gruehl from the Department of Physiology, University and Bellevue Hospital Medical College, New York University, New York City. Source: Wellcome Collection.

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    mother who had been immunized against the red blood cells of sheep. Kreidl and Mandl (38), in a preliminary report, stated that the goat, injected with beef blood, might passively transfer the immunity to the fetus, but, from their tests, they concluded that in the majority of cases the specific hemolysins do not pass from mother to fetus through the placenta. Bertarelli (39) re¬ ports that he found no specific hemolysins in the blood of the young sheep in the first weeks after birth from mothers im¬ munized by repeated injections of hens7 blood during the last weeks of pregnancy. Schumacher (22) found no specific agglu¬ tinins in the blood of a kid born from a goat highly immunized late in pregnancy. Romer (40) and Dzierzgowski (41) obtained negative results when they immunized horses, cattle, sheep, swine, and dogs to tetanus antitoxin. Famulener (42) showed a negative placental transmission of hemolysins to sheep corpuscles from mother goat to her kids. Reyman (43) in a study of natural agglutinins with B. typhosus, B. coli, and horse and rabbit sera, in a series of 14 goats and their new-born kids, found the blood of all but one kid negative. Little and Orcutt (44) observed that calves had no agglutinins to B. abortus in their sera at birth from mothers highly immune to this organism as a result of natural infection. Positive transmission Chauveau, (45)* in 1880, found that by vaccinating the slightly susceptible Algerian sheep with anthrax organisms during gesta¬ tion, their offspring were born immune to this organism. Similar results were reported later by other workers who used sympto¬ matic anthrax—Arloing, Cornevin and Thomas (46) with heifers and Kitasato (47) with the guinea pig. Ehrlich (48), in 1892, published some fundamental studies which awakened a new interest in the development of this sub¬ ject. He carried out immunization experiments by feeding the toxalbumins, abrin, ricin, and robin to mice. It was found that the young from immune mothers acquired an immunity which he considered as passive. In opposition to Ehrlich’s assertion that this transfer was a placental one and that the immunized