A grammar of botany : containing an explanation of the system of Linnaeus, and the terms of botany, with botanical exercises, for the use of schools and students : illustrated by forty-five engravings : multum in parvo / by Robert John Thornton, M.D.

  • Thornton, Robert John, 1768?-1837.
Date:
1818
    petiolus bears leaflets attached to only the inner part of the divisions. Ex. Passiflora pedata. 316. Ternatc, (ternata, ternt'es,) when the pe- tiolus bears three leaflets, as in Trefoil. 317. Pinnate, (pinnata, pinnees, ou ailees, when the petiolus bears many leaflets on each side. Ex. Astragalus. 318. Two-yoked, or bijugous, (bijuga, biju- guees,) a [(innate leaf, having two pair of leaflets. Ex. Orobus. 319. Three-yoked, or trijugous, (irijuga, tri- juque'es,) having three pair of leaflets. 320. Unequally-pinnate, (impari-pinnata, ai- l^ea avec impaire,) terminated by an odd or sin- gle leaflet, as in the Nut. 321. Abruptly-pinnate, (ulruptc pinnata, ai- lees sans impaire,) a term used in pinnate leaves, when they have neither leaflet, (foliolum) nor tendril, or clasper, (cirrus) at the end. Ex. Cassia. XVIII. Recomposition. 322. Decompound-leaf, (dccomposita, recom- posees,) having a second composition, that is, the petiolus, instead of bearing the leaflet, bears other petioli, to which the leaflets are attached. Observation. Decompound, is when the primary petiole is so divided that each part forms a compound leaf.—.Wor- tyn. 323. Bigeminal^, (bigemina, bigemine'ea,) i*
    when a dichotomous petiolus re-unites four leaf- lets at its summit. Ex. Mimosa unguis Cati. Observation. A decompound keaf, having a dichotomous or forked petiole, with several folioles or leaflets at the end of each division.—Martyn. 324. Biternate, (Jritcrnata, Internees,) when the common petiolus divides into three petioli, each of which bears three leaflets. Ex. Epime- dium. . 325. Bipinnate, (bipinnata, bipinnees,) having a common petiolus, which produces partial peti- oli, upon which are inserted the leaflets, and dis- posed in the manner of wings. Ex. Mimosa ar- borea. XIX. Supcrcomposition. 32G. Super-decompound, fsv.pra-dtcomposita, sur-composees,) is when the second petioli, in- stead of bearing leaflets, divides into other peti- oli, to which the leaflets are attached. Ex. Fim- pinella glauca. Observation. When a petiolus, divided several (inn, connects many leaflets, each part forming a decompound leaf.—Martyn. 327. Tergeminate, (tergimina, tergenic'ni'e-O when the petiolus is divided into two parts, which supports each two leaflets at their summit, and which, besides, bears eacb a leaflet, situated with-
    out, near to the bifurcation of the common peti- olus. Ex. Mimosa tergemina. Observation. When a forked petiolus issubdivided,having two leaflets at tlie extremity or each subdivision, and also two other leaikts at the division of the common petiole.— Marit/n. 328. Triternate, (tritemata, triterne'es,) when the petiolus divides into three parts, and which subdivides again into three other parts, each fur- nished with three leaflets. Ex. Paullinia triter- nata. Obstvvation. A species of superdecompound leaf, when a petiole has three biternste leaves.—Martyn. 329. Tripinnate, (tripinnata, tripinne"es,) is when the second petiolus, instead of bearing leaf- lets, divides into other petioles, to which the leaflets are equally attached to the sides. Ex. Aralia spinosa. Observation A species of superdecompound leaf, when a petiolus has bipinnate leaves ranged oo each side of it.— Martyn, XX. Sleep. 330. Sleep of leaves, (folionim sonmus, som- meil des feuilles,) is the different appearances they put on, chiefly at night, from that which they possessed in the day. Observation Nothing can be more extraordinary than the sleep of plants, or the folding of tbeir Heaves, as well as
    prlnls, at stated hours, chiefly in the night. The confrac- Hods of the leaves al night, ip some instances, so ch the physiognomy of plants, that they can no longer be re cognised. This appearance is more evident in ydiing than in old plants. This arisjei equally with plants in the stoves, as out of doors, which shows that it cannot depend on heat, and with some plants in the midday, which [troves that it •loes not w|)oIIy depend upon the. absence of light. It arises from the irritability of plants and is peculiarly seen in the sensitive plant, which tribe peculiarly obeys this law of nature, upon winch a number of experiments have been made.—V ide our Philosophy of Botany. XXI. Position of the Leaven in Sleep. 331. Conniving, (conniventes, conniventes,) when the two opposite leave;, meet together so exactly by their superior surfaces, that they ap- pear to form but one leaf. Ex. Alsine media. :;.>2. Including-, (incliMJtentia, renfermantes,) when the leaves, which are alternate, approach near to the stalk. Ex. Sida abutilon. 333. Environing, (cirevm-sepicntia, environ- nantes,) when the leaves naturally horizontal rise up, and make a kind of funnel, the mouth being narrowed- Ex. Malva Peruviana. 334. Defending, (irhinientia, preservantes,) when the leaves take an opposite direction from that above, and falling down make a kind of cap, protecting whatever lies underneath. Ex. Mille- ria quinqueflora. 335. Conduplicate, (ro?iduplicantia, condupli- quantes.) when leaves, during the night, fold to- gether, like the leai es of a book. Ex. Vicia faha.
    336. Involving, {involventia, recouvrantes,) when the leaflets of compound flowers, during ihe night, approach hy their summits only, mak- ing an arch or hollow underneath. Ex. Trifoli- ura resupinatum. 337. Diverging, (divcrgentia, divergentes,) when the leaflets, on the contrary, approach at their base, and are open at their summits. Ex. Melilotus officinalis. . 338. Depending, (dependenlia, pendantes,) when the leaves, which are erect in the day, de- cline during the evening. Ex. Lupinus albus. 339. Inverting, (invertentia, roulees dans une situation renversees,) when during the night the more tender surface of the leaf is protected by being inverted. Ex. Cassia. 340. Imbricate, imbricantia, rotourn«'cs dans une situation horizontale,) when the petioles of the leaflets lie longitudinally along the common petioles, and the inferior surface of the leaflets become the exterior. Ex. Tamarindus Indica- CHAP. VI. THE DTFFERENT PETIOLES. 341. Linear, (linearis, lineairc,) of the same breadth throughout. 342. Winged, (atatus, ail*',) having a thin mem- brane, or border, on each side. Ex. Citrus au- rantium. 313. Clubbed, (ch ht<; a son pommet.