Volume 2

Manual of human histology / By A. Kölliker, professor of anatomy and physiology in Wurzberg ; translated and edited by George Busk, F.R.S., and Thomas Huxley, F.R.S.

  • Kölliker, Albert, 1817-1905.
Date:
1853-54
Catalogue details

Licence: Public Domain Mark

Credit: Manual of human histology / By A. Kölliker, professor of anatomy and physiology in Wurzberg ; translated and edited by George Busk, F.R.S., and Thomas Huxley, F.R.S. Source: Wellcome Collection.

Provider: This material has been provided by Royal College of Physicians, London. The original may be consulted at Royal College of Physicians, London.

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    § 154. Glands of the small intestine.—The small intestine contains only two kinds of true glands; viz., 1. tubular glands, which are disposed over the whole mucous membrane; and 2. racemose glands, in the submucous tissue of the duodenum. The racemose glands, or as they are more commonly named, after their discoverer, B7'unner,s glands, form, at the com- mencement of the duodenum, upon the outer side of the mu- cous membrane, a continuous layer, which is best developed and thickest, close to the pylorus, where it constitutes a con- siderable glandular ring and extends about as far as the aper- ture of the biliary ducts. If the two layers of the muscular tissue be dissected off a stretched or distended duodenum, the glands may readily be recognised as yellowish, flattened bodies of ±—U' (on the average i—±'), with their angles rounded off, which, enclosed within a little connective tissue, lie close to the mucous membrane and send short excretory ducts into it. In their minute structure, Brunner's glands, the terminal vesicles of which measure 0-03—0 06, even 008', agree perfectly with the racemose glands of the oral cavity and oesophagus. Their secretion is an alkaline mucus, in which no formed elements are contained, having no digestive action upon coagulated protein compounds and probably merely sub- servient to mechanical ends. The tubular, or Lieberk'iihnian glands (crijptce mucosa), are distributed over the whole small intestine, including the duodenum, as innumerable, straight, narrow caeca, which occupy the entire thickness of the mucous membrane and are frequently slightly enlarged at their extremities, though hardly ever dichotomously divided. The best idea of their number is obtained by viewing the mucous membrane either from above or in vertical section, under a low power. In the latter case, we see the caeca standing close together, almost like palisades that in which the ingesta enter an Actinophrys; one can as readily comprehend the existence of a selective power in the former as in the latter case. That some such faculty exists would seem to lie indicated by the fact stated by Briich, that the Lieberkulinian and Pcyerian glands take no share in fatty absorption; though, on the other hand, it must be remembered that Kolliker found the eggs of Entozon in the villi of rabbits (' Mikr. Anat.,' B. II, 2, 173).—Eds.]