The London medical dictionary: including, under distinct heads, every branch of medicine, viz. anatomy, physiology, and pathology, the practice of physic and surgery, therapeutics, and materia medica ; with whatever relates to medicine in natural philosophy, chemistry, and natural history (Volume 2).

  • Parr, Bartholomew, 1750-1810.
Date:
1819
Catalogue details

Licence: Public Domain Mark

Credit: The London medical dictionary: including, under distinct heads, every branch of medicine, viz. anatomy, physiology, and pathology, the practice of physic and surgery, therapeutics, and materia medica ; with whatever relates to medicine in natural philosophy, chemistry, and natural history (Volume 2). Source: Wellcome Collection.

Provider: This material has been provided by the National Library of Medicine (U.S.), through the Medical Heritage Library. The original may be consulted at the National Library of Medicine (U.S.)

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    XEB sunt tenth Iht general course of the intercostal wc have already acscrilHcl To make, however, the view of the nerves more complete, « c shall add a somewhat more particu- lar account froni the first Monro. When the intercostal has escaped from the os petro- it is joined bv branches from the eighth, ninth, and I, and from 'the first and second cervical, to form the largest ganglion in the body, from which the nerve gocsout to descend down the neck with the carotid artery. Wc have remarked, however, that this supposed origin is rather a branch sent upward, to it; but minuteness is here unnecessary. The intercostal, in its course down the neck, supplies the flexor muscles of the head and neck, and communicates with the cervical nerves; nor will it escape observation, that the motion of the head is often involuntary; E'en mitred Rochester woold nod his head. As it is about to enter the thorax it again forms a gan- glion, from which nerves are sent to the trachea arteria, and to the heart; those designed for the heart join- ing with the branches of the eighth pair, and passing between the two great arteries and the auricles to the substance of that muscle. The intercostal then runs down on the side of i\ic vcrtchrse of the thorax, having additional nerves constantly sent to U fvom be- tween these vertebrae. Where the addition is made to it from the fifth dorsal nerve, a branch goes off ob- liquely forward, which joined with others from the sixth, seventh, eighth, and ninth, forms the anterior trunk which passes through its own proper hole in the dia- phragm, when it again forms a ganglion immediately above the csliac artery, into which the eighth pair en- ters. From this, the nerves of the intestines, liver, spleen, pancreas, kidneys, and glandulae renales, are <lerived. The posterior trunk continues in its straight course downward, communicating with the inferior dor- sal and lumbar, and sending off branches to the kidneys and testicles. Some of its branches join with others, from the anterior trunk to form a ganglion, close to the inferior mesenteric artery, to supply part of the colon and rectum. The extremity of this nerve is even sent to the pelvis, to furnish the other parts there. In this progress the plexuses are numerous. The SPINAL NERVES scldom rise in cords, but in separate fibres from the front and back part of the spine. They soon run into a ganglion, which is, however, chiefly formed by the posterior fibres, and they then acquire the firm coats peculiar to the other nerves. They are distinguished by the numbers of the vertebrze through which they pass, and the foramen is in the vertebra above. Seven come from the cervical vertebrae, twelve from the dorsal, five from the lumbar, and six from the false, vertebrae. The^rst ceri'ical fiair come from between the first and second vertebrae, and its branches are immediately connected with the tenth pair of the head, the second cervical and intercostal. It supplies the flexors of the neck ; but its larger branches are sent to th NEB voluntary muscles aflccted are those of the second cervicals unite, by branches, with the „„„, JZ l,cad .he i„.erco.a; and *e r. a,K.^.h.„, t :i;: ■;::;; :d; 'oru!rre,.no^asto;deus wuh .he It is afterwards distributed to the of the neck. The at the outer edg accessory nerve mu'scTes and glands of the head and neck, as well as the Sternal ear, Ihere it is connected to the portio dura, somSmcs to the first cervical. The remainder passes oTho levator scapulx, and the extensors of the head and neck; but, at this place, another branch is usiially sent off-to join the accessory, near the superior angle oi the scapulae. These connections occasion the pain to extend to the clavicle in inflammations of the parotid, and the head to be drawn toward the shoulder ot the aff-ected side. , The third cervical, on its passing from between the vertebrae, unites with the second; and a branch passing down, uniting with the fourth cervical, forms the fihre- nic nerve, which enters the thorax, between the subcla- vian artery and vein. It passes by the pericardium, in a sulcus, and is lost on the diaphragm. The last phre- nic goes outward, to pass over the apex of the heart. From this circumstance, palpitations of the heart are often attended with an acute pain, which is referred to the left orifice of the stomach. The other branches of tbis nerve are distributed to the muscles and teguments of the lower part of the neck, and top of the shoulder. The consequence is, that any disease of the diaphragm, or the parts immediately contiguous, if they irritate this muscle, are attended with pain on the top of the shoulder. This is particularly the case in inflammations of the liver. The fourth cervical sends off a branch, as we have said, to join with one of the third, to form the phrenic, and sends filaments to the neighbouring parts. It then runs to the armpit, where it meets the fifth, sixth, and seventh cervicals, and the first dorsal. These unite and again separate in a complicated plexus, supply the tegu- ments of the thorax, and then divide into different branches to the muscles of the upper extremity. These groups we shall describe. The first of these, the scafiularis, passes to the semi- lunar cavity of the upper costa of the scapula, a hole formed by a ligament passing between the angles of the scapula. It next supplies the supra spinatus and the muscles at the back of the scapula. The articularis sinks in the axilla to avoid the head of the OS humeri, to rise again at the back part of it and IS dispersed on the muscles which draw the arm back or elevate it. The name is derived from its sur- rounding the joint. The cutaneus runs, superficially, down the fore part of the arm, giving branches to the skin, and divides on the inside of the fore arm to supply the teguments and the palm of the hand. The branches of this nerve are sometimes injured by opening the basilic vein ' ih^ musculo cutaneus passes through the coraco- though not lost on them, as a ^^V^^tLrou^rm; cM^u^iLl^rJ^lTP^^^^- ^^^^^-^ ''^^^^ ^^ ^^ and are spent in the teguments of the occiput. Some^f biceps and ovLr'the . ^Tf^ ^'^'^ '^ '^°^ °f ^' us fibres are connected forward with the fifth pair S the teeuments of tbl ^.^P^^^^/f^'^^ distributed on the d the Dortio Hnr^ Th.,c , „„;„ ;„ 1 \. 15.^.™.^^^ ^^ the outside of the^fore arm and hand. a- the head, and the portio dura. Thus a pain in the neck is *ometin)es felt in hysteria; and, in tetanus, the first This is the nerve cephalic vein. sometimes hurt in opening the