1. An Overview. Introduction -- Optimism about life extension -- Possible methods of life extension and the basic processes of aging -- Is it possible to reverse aging -- Why slowing aging might be harder than we realize -- Are any life extension methods available right now? -- How long would we live? -- Misconceptions about what life extension would be like -- Not everyone thinks life extension is desirable -- Why worry about this now? -- A survey of the moral issues -- 2. The Haves-ƯWould Extended Life Be Boring? Do you want to live forever? -- A dilemma for the very, very old -- Can you avoid boredom without fading away? -- The boredom pill -- How to survive your survival -- If boredom is unavoidable, is that a reason not to start extended life at all? -- Conclusions -- 3. The Haves-ƯDeath Benefits and the Human Condition. Introduction -- Making a case for extended life -- General problems with bioconservative arguments -- Accepting death -- Motivation and procrastination -- The meaning of life -- Character and virtue -- Narcissism and transcendence -- Adaptive preferences (sour grapes) -- Unscheduled death and the new human condition -- Conclusions -- 4. The Will-Ưnots-ƯLife Extension and Suicide. Introduction -- Would making life extension available reduce the death benefits for Will-Ưnots? -- If you refuse or discontinue life extension, are you committing suicide? -- If refusing or discontinuing life extension is suicide, is it immoral? -- Conclusions -- 5. Everyone-ƯSocial Consequences -- Introduction -- Potential bad social consequences -- Potential good social consequences -- Conclusions -- 6. Everyone-ƯThe Malthusian Threat. Introduction -- Will life extension cause a Malthusian crisis? -- A policy to prevent a Malthusian crisis: Forced Choice -- Practical problems with Forced Choice -- Reproductive ethics and Forced Choice -- Is Forced Choice an oppressive government intrusion into private reproductive choices? -- What if some countries impose Forced Choice and others do not? -- The demographic formula used in this chapter -- Conclusion -- 7. The Have-Ưnots-ƯDistress and the Death Burden. Introduction -- Distress -- The death burden -- Can we avoid making the death burden worse if we avoid developing life extension? -- Conclusions -- 8. The Have-Ưnots-ƯEquality and Access to Life Extension. Introduction -- Equality -- Inequality as a reason for collective suttee -- What if other needs are more pressing? -- Who has a duty to subsidize life extension for Have-Ưnots? -- What if it's possible to provide access to some Have-Ưnots but not possible to provide it to all of them? -- If we are sure that many Haves will breach their duty to the Have-Ưnots, is that a reason to deny it to everyone? -- Conclusions -- 9. Deciding among the groups--Maximing welfare. Introduction -- Midlevel principles, moral theory, and doing applied ethics -- What it means to maximize welfare -- Objection: we don't have enough information -- Maximizing welfare in the long run -- How to argue that a world without life extension has greater net welfare than a world with it -- Peter Singer's objection -- Conclusions -- 10. Deciding among the groups--Which rights are relevant? Introduction -- Rights and welfare -- The right to equality favors neither inhibition nor promotion -- The right to self-determination favors neither inhibition nor promotion -- The right against harm favors inhibition -- Conclusions -- 11. Deciding among the groups--Rights versus welfare. Introduction -- How to weigh rights against welfare -- Weighing have-not rights against welfare -- Weighing will-not rights against welfare -- Two versions of promotions -- Conclusions -- 12. Enhancement worries. Introduction -- Risk and the precautionary principle -- Authenticity -- Sandel's concern about "giftedness" -- It's not natural -- The value of a natural life span -- Playing God -- Fukuyama, human nature, and human rights -- Is aging a disease? -- Conclusions -- 13. Policy recommendations and list of conclusions. Policy recommendations -- List of conclusions --Appendix A: The science behind life extension. Defining aging -- Previous gains in life expectancy -- Aging is puzzling -- Why we age -- Appendix B: Bernard Williams, personal identity, and categorical desires. Williams's third life extension scenario -- Categorical desires and why we want to keep on living -- The Tarzan objection to the third scenario -- Two unsuccessful objections to the third scenario -- Appendix C: Demographic tables and graphs.