Specification of William Johnson : method of heating fluids.

  • Johnson, William.
Date:
1854
Catalogue details

Licence: Public Domain Mark

Credit: Specification of William Johnson : method of heating fluids. Source: Wellcome Collection.

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    Johnsons Improved Process for Heating Fluids. the boiler is at the temperature of about 225 cleg8, which is at 125 degrees of difference; there will consequently be no inconvenience in returning the water from G to A, which wou’d be return’d always at the same temperature nearly as when discharg’d. From what has been stated and described, which will be sufficient for almost every purpose where this process for heating fluids 5 can be employ’d, it will be obvious, that if the high temperature of the steam from the boiler A will be sufficient to maintain the heat in B, when of four times its own dimensions, at the lower temperature requir’d, that as the breadth of A, expos’d to the action of fire, wou’d be but one-fourth that of B, it coud not consume more than one-fourth the fuel that woud be requir’d to evaporate 10 B, supposing it was evaporated at the same temperature by the direct action of fire; and it appears also certain, that in bringing any quantity of liquid to boil (where in considerable factorys the steam boiler wou’d always be kept in readiness), that it wall be conveniently effected in much less time than it is possible to be done on the present plan, when the fire is to be made up, and 15 perhaps at any time, as it wTas found to require not more than 15 degrees difference of temperature to evaporate from B by steam the same quantity of w ater as from A in an equal time by the more direct action of fire; and when the boiling has commenc’d, the rapid action of the steam heat may be con¬ tinued to expedite the work, when the direct action of fire coud not be allowed 20 without danger, or of certain injury. The mode of process and form of w^ork described w ill be sufficient for the steam engine employing the heat of steam to the boiler as the substitute for fire; and will in general be sufficient for distilleries and breweries, and for evaporation in the making of sugar, which is effected by the burning the 25 refuse of the sugar cane, which produces an extensive flame that passes under the whole length of several distinct vessels, that vessel which is nearest to the first action of the fire finishing the sugar. It will consequently be necessary for this process, and also for making salt or any other manufacture, where one steam boiler is design’d to provide steam for every vessel employ’d, to 30 have the range of main pipe with smaller pipes communicating to the close vessels G oi L at the bottom of each boiler or pan, and the forcing pump and apparatus, first stated. In the apparatus with which I have made ex¬ periments, I adopted a division in the boiler A (for occasional use), as repre¬ sented by the space H under the dotted line, forming two boilers in one vessel, 35 one above the other, with distinct quantities and surfaces of water, (the lower vessel H having a discharge pipe and safety valve as I, K,) which was adopted for the purpose of ascertaining the action and quantity and apparent powrer